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Eukaryotic cell means ‘Possessing a true nucleus’.

While Prokaryotic cell means ‘before a nucleus’

The following picture is a 3D diagram of the both cells :

Therefore, this is a big hint between the difference of the both cells. Prokaryotic cell simply means that it do not have a nuclei while Eukaryotic cell do not have true nuclei.

From the picture, you can infer that the both cells are different in their size and complexity. So if you take a closer look at the picture, you will see the following differences :

Firstly, Eukaryotic cell have a true nucleus which helps to seperate DNA related functions of the big eukaryotic cell into smaller eukaryotic cell to help increase effiency, bound by double membrane while Prokaryotic cell have no nucleus as the function on the nucleus is not essential as it is smaller in size and all the materials within the cells are close together.

Secondly, Eukaryotic DNA is arranged in a line while Prokaryotic cell goes around which means that it has no ends,

Thirdly, Eukaryotic cell mix with proteins called ‘histones’ and is arranged into chromosomes on the other hand Prokaryotic cell is ‘naked’ which means that it does not have histones related to it and it is not formed into chromosomes. Prokaryotic cell smaller in size requires far fewer genes to function than the Eukaryotic cell.

Next, though both of the cell types has many ribosomes however as it can be seen from the picture, the ribosomes of the eukaryotic cell is larger and is more complicated.
Last but not least, the cytoplasm of the eukaryotic cells is filled with large,profound collection of organelles and most of them are confined in their own membranes while to prokaryotic cells contains no membrane bound organelles which are independent of the plasma membrane. This is one of the most important difference as there is more space within the Eukaryotic cell than the Prokaryotic cell and many of the structures mainly the Nucleus increase in their speed of functions as they are enclose within smaller spaces in the larger cell.

This chart will give you an overview of the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells :

(If chart not clear, please click on it.)